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Objective:To determine the effects of preperitoneal balloon (PPB) tamponade with different volumes of fluid on hemodynamically unstable pelvic fracture-associated arterial and venous hemorrhage in a swine model.Methods:A model of open-book pelvic fracture with injuries to external iliac vessels was established in 18 female 12-month old Bama miniature pigs. After the successful establishment of hemodynamically unstable pelvic fracture with vascular injury was confirmed by contrast agent imaging, the animals were randomized into 3 even groups ( n=6): a control group (group C) subjected to PPB tamponade with 0 mL fluid injected, group T1 subjected to PPB tamponade with 500-mL fluid injected, and group T2 subjected to PPB tamponade with 1,000-mL fluid injected. The 3 groups were compared in terms of 60-min survival rate, balloon pressure, peritoneal pressure, bladder pressure, 70-min survival rate, blood loss, and infusion volume. Results:There was no statistically significant difference in the basic hemodynamic or other experimental indicators among the 3 groups before experiment, indicating comparability ( P>0.05). The 60-min survival rate in group T2 was 100.0% (6/6), significantly higher than those in group C and group T1 [0.0% (0/6), 0.0% (0/6)] ( P<0.05). After fluid injection, the balloon pressure and preperitoneal pressure in group T2 were respectively (127.2±4.7) mmHg and (34.5±3.6) mmHg, significantly higher than those in group T1 [(78.7±3.8) mmHg and (13.7±2.8) mmHg] and in group C [0 mmHg and (9.0±1.4) mmHg], and the 2 indicators in group T1 were significantly higher than those in group C (all P<0.05). After fluid injection, there was no statistically significant difference among groups C, T1, and T2 in bladder pressure [(6.7±1.0) mmHg, (5.8±1.9) mmHg, and (6.0±1.1) mmHg] or in bleeding volume [(1,163.0±191.3) mL, (1,212.0±148.4) mL, and (975.0±133.2) mL] (all P≥ 0.05). The infusion volume in group T1 [(1,250.0±225.8) mL] was significantly larger than that in group C [(951.7±177.8) mL] ( P<0.05). No colorectal or bladder injuries were found by the anatomy of the experimental animals in 3 groups. Conclusions:PPB tamponade with 1,000-mL fluid injected in a swine model can efficiently control pelvic fracture-associated arterial and venous hemorrhage, and increase the 60-min survival rate with no colorectal or bladder injuries.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical feature, diagnosis and phenotype of Majeed syndrome.@*METHODS@#Clinical manifestation, diagnostic process, imaging feature and genetic testing of an ethnic Han Chinese patient with Majeed syndrome were reviewed.@*RESULTS@#The patient, a 3-year-9-month-old boy, had featured psychomotor retardation and developed bone pain from 8 month on. The child had tenderness of the lower limbs and presented with repeatedly joint swelling and pain accompanied by fever. Physical signs included limb muscle weakening, slightly decreased muscle tone, reduced muscle volume and positive Gower sign. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the child has carried compound heterozygous variants of the LPIN2 gene, including c.1966A>G and c.2534delG. MRI showed multiple lesions in bilateral knee joints and distal middle tibia presenting as patchy SPAIR high signals with unclear edge, in addition with edema of soft tissue surrounding the right distal femur.@*CONCLUSION@#Majeed syndrome is characterized by chronic and recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, congenital dyserythropoietic anemia, and growth retardation. Surrounding muscle tissue of osteomyelitis may also be involved. The syndrome may also affect the central nervous system, resulting in delayed language and motor development. Discovery of multiple pathological variants of the LPIN2 gene suggested that the clinical phenotype of this syndrome may vary between patients to some extent.
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Child , Humans , Infant , Male , Anemia, Dyserythropoietic, Congenital/genetics , Genetic Testing , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/genetics , Osteomyelitis/geneticsABSTRACT
Objective:To understand the etiology and clinical characteristics of hospitalized severe community-acquired pneumonia(SCAP) in Changchun, and provide scientific basis for its etiology diagnosis and targeted treatment.Methods:The study subjects included 618 children with clinical diagnosis of SCAP who were hospitalized from January 2016 to December 2019.We collected pharyngeal swabs and alveolar lavage fluid from children.Virus isolation, bacterial culture, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, PCR/RT-PCR, colloidal gold method and Optochin test were used to detect the antigen, nucleic acid and protein profiles in the specimen.Results:There were more boys than girls in hospitalized children with SCAP.The peak age of onset was 7 to 12 months.Most cases occurred in winter and spring.The highest detection rate of SCAP virus was 56.15%(347/618); 73.49%(255/347) were positive for one virus, among which the top five were respiratory syncytial virus (27.8%), influenza A virus (23.9%), influenza B virus (16.1%), rhinovirus (12.2%) and metapneumovirus (10.2%). Two viruses were positive for 19.88%(69/347); three viruses were positive for 4.32%(15/347); four viruses were positive for 2.31%(8/347). Atypical microbial infections were 29.77%(184/618), of which Mycoplasma pneumoniae accounted for 95.65%(176/184). Bacterial infections were 17.31%(107/618), mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae(39.25%, 42/107) and Staphylococcus aureus(24.30%, 26/107). The mixed infection of multiple pathogens was 7.61%(47/618), among which the mixed infection rates of Mycoplasma pneumonia with Streptococcus pneumoniae, virus were 40.43% and 34.04%, respectively.High fever, faster breathing, and perioral cyanosis were risk factors for SCAP, with OR and 95% CI of 7.71 and 4.56-13.04, 2.43 and 2.02-2.93, 3.53 and 2.56-4.86, respectively.Viral co-infection occurred in 36.96%(34/92) of complications such as heart failure, toxic encephalopathy, and myocardial damage; Mycoplasma pneumoniae and other pathogens co-infected 35.29% of children with pleural effusion. Conclusion:The pathogens of SCAP in Changchun are mainly viruses notably, respiratory syncytial virus is the dominant pathogen, followed by Mycoplasma pneumoniae.The bacterial pathogen is mainly Streptococcus pneumoniae.High fever, faster breathing, and cyanosis around the mouth are risk factors for severe pneumonia.Multi-pathogen mixed infection is prone to serious complications.
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Objective@#To analyze the genetic characteristics of norovirus(NoV) in Jilin province from 2014 to 2016.@*Methods@#Stool samples from children under 5 years of age with diarrhea were collected from Changchun Children′s Hospital. Samples were amplified by RT-PCR. The polymerase and capsid gene of the positive specimens were amplified.Sequences were analyzed by homologous comparison and phylogenetic analysis.@*Results@#A total of 1 335 samples were detected, 177 were positive for NoV, and positive rate was 13.26%. The positive rate was 11.83% in 2014, 12.53% in 2015 and 15.75% in 2016. Genotyping of polymerase region revealed GII.P12 types dominated in 2014 and GII.Pe types dominated in 2015 and 2016. Genotyping of polymerase region revealed that GII.3 types dominated in 2014 and GII.4_Sydney2012 types dominated in 2015 and 2016. The types of both regions included GII.P17/GII.17, GII.Pe/GII.4_Sydney2012, GII.P12/GII.3, GII.Pe/GII.3、GII.P16/GII.2 and GII.P7/GII.6.@*Conclusions@#Genotypes of NoV infection are diverse in Jilin province. Most of them are recombinant strains. The main epidemic strains changed from GII.P12/GII.3 in 2014 to GII.Pe/GII.4_Sydney2012 in 2015 and 2016.
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Objective@#To understand the clinical features and pathogenic spectrum of encephalitis and meningitis syndrome in children.@*Methods@#A total of 667 cases of children with encephalitis or meningitis diagnosed and documented at Changchun Children′s Hospital from May 2012 to July 2015 were enrolled.A variety of samples in diffe-rent types were collected and presented, including 335 cerebrospinal fluid specimens, 530 blood samples, and 332 stool samples.All the samples were collected from the patients within 72 hours on admission.Moreover, these samples are analyzed and tested, including PCR for enterovirus(EV), herpesvirus(HSV), mycobacterium tuberculosis(TB) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) nucleic acid in cerebrospinal fluid samples; fecal specimens were tested for EV, enterovirus 71 (EV71), coxsackievirus A6 (CA6), coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10) nucleic acids; degenerate primers to amplify Echovirus 30 (Echo30). Clinical data of children were collected.@*Results@#The peak incidence of encephalitis and meningitis syndrome was from June to August, age distribution was from 0 to 15 years old, the proportion of children aged from 0-6 accounted for 81.41%; the highest proportion was among 0-1 years old infants, occupying 32.38%; 408 males and 259 females; the main symptoms were fever(586 cases), apathy(337 cases), vomiting (307 cases) and headache(203 cases). And clinical signs included drowsiness (103 cases), neck stiffness (71 cases), meningeal irritation (12 cases), and pathological reflex (313 cases), etc.The clinical diagnosis included 272 cases of viral encephalitis, 332 cases of severe hand, foot and mouth disease complicated by encephalitis, 30 cases of bacterial meningitis, and 33 other cases; the etiological detection included: the positive rates of EV, EBV and Echo30 in cerebrospinal fluid specimens were 59.72%, 3.16% and 70.00%, respectively.And EV71, CVA16, CVA6, EV71+ CA16 and EV71+ CVA16+ CVA6 nucleic acids were detected in fecal samples, in which the highest detection rate was EV71(98.96%).@*Conclusions@#In Changchun Children′s Hospital, the children with encephalitis and meningitis are mainly viral encephalitis.The main symptoms were fever, apathetic, drowsiness, vomiting and headache.Signs included, neck stiffness, meningeal irritation, and pathological reflexes, etc.The main pathogen of the disease is EV71.
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Objective@#To investigate the effect of capillary electrophoresis-based multiplex PCR (CEMP) in detecting pathogens for children respiratory tract infection, and to provide scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment rapidly and accurately.@*Methods@#The cases were defined according to the national monitoring program of febrile respiratory syndrome during the 12th Five-Year Plan, and the samples were collected from nasopharyngeal swabs, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum of children with respiratory tract infection hospitalized in Changchun Children′s Hospital from January 2017 to February 2018.Multiplex PCR amplification was performed by one-step method, then PCR products were separated by DNA length size with capillary electrophoresis and pathogens were analyzed by "Genemapper software" software.Detecting pathogens included Influenza A virus (InfA), Human Adenovirus (HADV), Boca virus (Boca), Human Rhinovirus (HRV), Novel InfA-09H1 (InfA-09H1) and Seasonal Influenza virus H3N2 (InfA-H3N2), Parainfluenza virus (HPIV), Human metapneumonia virus (HMPV), Influenza B virus (InfB), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp), Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP), Human Coronavirus (HCOV), Human Respiratory Syncytial virus (HRSV).@*Results@#The effective detection rate of the CEMP assay was 95.71%.The positive detection rate of respiratory tract pathogens was 62.84% and the mixed infection rate was 9.61%.The mixed infection was mainly InfA and HRSV.The highest three positive rates were named InfA, HRSV and Mp.The positive rate of HRSV was significantly higher in the 0-3 age group than that in older group.Different pathogens were detected in different age groups, and the high-occurrence season of respiratory tract infection with virus was from December to March of the next year.InfA-09H1 was the main prevalent influenza virus in January, February and March 2017, InfA-H3N2 was the main prevalent influenza virus in November and December 2017, and the outbreak of InfB was happened in Changchun in late 2017 and early 2018.HRSV was detected only in the coldest season in Changchun from November to March of the next year.Different pathogens were detected in different respiratory infection.HRSV was the main pathogen detected in pneumonia; InfA-03H2 and HPIV were the main pathogens detected in acute bronchitis; HRV and InfA were the main pathogens detected in upper respiratory tract infection.@*Conclusion@#CEMP is an efficient, rapid and accurate method for the detection of pathogens in patients with respiratory tract infections, and it will have a broad application prospect to develop reagents suitable for clinical diagnosis.
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Objective To investigate the effect of capillary electrophoresis﹣based multiplex PCR ( CEMP) in detecting pathogens for children respiratory tract infection,and to provide scientific basis for clin﹣ical diagnosis and treatment rapidly and accurately. Methods The cases were defined according to the na﹣tional monitoring program of febrile respiratory syndrome during the 12th Five﹣Year Plan,and the samples were collected from nasopharyngeal swabs,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum of children with respira﹣tory tract infection hospitalized in Changchun Children′s Hospital from January 2017 to February 2018. Multi﹣plex PCR amplification was performed by one﹣step method, then PCR products were separated by DNA length size with capillary electrophoresis and pathogens were analyzed by"Genemapper software" software. Detecting pathogens included Influenza A virus (InfA),Human Adenovirus (HADV),Boca virus ( Boca), Human Rhinovirus ( HRV), Novel InfA﹣09H1 ( InfA﹣09H1 ) and Seasonal Influenza virus H3N2 ( InfA﹣H3N2),Parainfluenza virus ( HPIV),Human metapneumonia virus ( HMPV), Influenza B virus ( InfB), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp),Chlamydia pneumoniae ( CP),Human Coronavirus ( HCOV),Human Re﹣spiratory Syncytial virus (HRSV). Results The effective detection rate of the CEMP assay was 95. 71%. The positive detection rate of respiratory tract pathogens was 62. 84% and the mixed infection rate was 9. 61%. The mixed infection was mainly InfA and HRSV. The highest three positive rates were named InfA, HRSV and Mp. The positive rate of HRSV was significantly higher in the 0﹣3 age group than that in older group. Different pathogens were detected in different age groups,and the high﹣occurrence season of respiratory tract infection with virus was from December to March of the next year. InfA﹣09H1 was the main prevalent influenza virus in January,February and March 2017,InfA﹣H3N2 was the main prevalent influenza virus in November and December 2017,and the outbreak of InfB was happened in Changchun in late 2017 and early 2018. HRSV was detected only in the coldest season in Changchun from November to March of the next year. Different pathogens were detected in different respiratory infection. HRSV was the main pathogen detec﹣ted in pneumonia; InfA﹣03H2 and HPIV were the main pathogens detected in acute bronchitis; HRV and InfA were the main pathogens detected in upper respiratory tract infection. Conclusion CEMP is an effi﹣cient,rapid and accurate method for the detection of pathogens in patients with respiratory tract infections,and it will have a broad application prospect to develop reagents suitable for clinical diagnosis.
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Objective To understand the clinical features and pathogenic spectrum of encephalitis and menin﹣gitis syndrome in children. Methods A total of 667 cases of children with encephalitis or meningitis diagnosed and documented at Changchun Children′s Hospital from May 2012 to July 2015 were enrolled. A variety of samples in diffe﹣rent types were collected and presented,including 335 cerebrospinal fluid specimens,530 blood samples,and 332 stool samples. All the samples were collected from the patients within 72 hours on admission. Moreover,these samples are analyzed and tested,including PCR for enterovirus(EV),herpesvirus(HSV),mycobacterium tuberculosis( TB)and My﹣coplasma pneumoniae(MP)nucleic acid in cerebrospinal fluid samples;fecal specimens were tested for EV,enterovirus 71(EV71),coxsackievirus A6(CA6),coxsackievirus A16(CVA16),coxsackievirus A10( CVA10)nucleic acids;degenerate primers to amplify Echovirus 30(Echo30). Clinical data of children were collected. Results The peak in﹣cidence of encephalitis and meningitis syndrome was from June to August,age distribution was from 0 to 15 years old, the proportion of children aged from 0－6 accounted for 81. 41﹪;the highest proportion was among 0－1 years old in﹣fants,occupying 32. 38﹪;408 males and 259 females;the main symptoms were fever(586 cases),apathy(337 ca﹣ses),vomiting(307 cases)and headache(203 cases). And clinical signs included drowsiness(103 cases),neck stiff﹣ness(71 cases),meningeal irritation(12 cases),and pathological reflex( 313 cases),etc. The clinical diagnosis included 272 cases of viral encephalitis,332 cases of severe hand,foot and mouth disease complicated by encephalitis, 30 cases of bacterial meningitis,and 33 other cases;the etiological detection included:the positive rates of EV,EBV and Echo30 in cerebrospinal fluid specimens were 59. 72﹪,3. 16﹪ and 70. 00﹪,respectively. And EV71,CVA16,CVA6, EV71+CA16 and EV71+CVA16+CVA6 nucleic acids were detected in fecal samples,in which the highest detection rate was EV71(98. 96﹪). Conclusions In Changchun Children′s Hospital,the children with encephalitis and menin﹣gitis are mainly viral encephalitis. The main symptoms were fever,apathetic,drowsiness,vomiting and headache. Signs included,neck stiffness,meningeal irritation,and pathological reflexes,etc. The main pathogen of the disease is EV71.
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Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) describes a broad category of practices and treatments for the prevention or treatment of disease outside the realm of conventional medicine. CAM is widely used in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. This article summarizes a variety of CAM and the efficacy in the treatment of rhinitis and sinusitis, with the purpose of increasing people′s awareness of CAM and enriching the treatment of rhinitis and sinusitis, so that patients can benefit from it.
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Objective To analyze the performance differences of CT scanners with different detector rows between different manufacturers,and to provide the basis for the rational allocation and use of these CT scanners.Methods According to the result from the sentinel surveillance in 2014,a total of 148 medical institutions were equipped with CT scanners in 16 districts of Beijing,including general hospital(53),cancer hospital(5),TCM hospitals(25),children′s hospitals(2),community hospitals(30)and other specialized medical institutions(33).According to the principle of simple random sampling,40 medical institutions are selected,including 14 general hospitals,1 cancer hospital,7 Chinese medicine hospitals,1 children′s hospital,8 community hospitals and 9 other specialized medical institutions.A total of 141 CT scanners are selected from all CT sets of the selected medical institutions from 2012 to 2014.According to GB 17589-2011 X-ray computed tomography device quality assurance testing status test,four parameters related closely to image quality were tested,including CT value(water),noise,high contrast resolution,and low contrast detectability.Results No significant differences were found in CT value(water),noise and low contrast detectability among CT scanners produced by different manufacturers(P＞0.05),whereas high contrast resolution was found to have a remarkable difference(χ2＝34.706,P＜0.05).Significant differences were found in noise,high contrast resolution and low resolution detectability between the CT scanners with ＜64 detector rows and ≥64 detector rows(χ2＝6.978,10.040,15.973,P＜0.05).However,there is no difference in CT value(water)(P＞0.05).For less-than-64 detector row CT scanners,no significant difference was found in CT value(water),noise and low contrast detectability among different manufacturers(P＞0.05).only high contrast resolution differed remarkably(χ2＝9.941,P＜0.05).For more-than-or equal-to-64 detector row CT scanners,CT value(water)and noise have no differences among different manufacturers(P ＞0.05),whereas,there were significant difference in high contrast resolution and low contrast detectability(χ2＝31.376,32.967,P＜0.05).Conclusions There were a few differences in the performance testing of CT scanners from different manufacturers,and the less-than-64 detector row CT scanners have advantages in noise and low contrast detectability compared with the more-than-64 detector row CT scanners,whereas the latter have advantages in high contrast resolution and scanning time,allowing its wider application in medical institutions with more special diseases.
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Objective:To study the effects of down-regulated Smad4 expression on the proliferation and apoptosis of breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells,and to explore their mechanisms.Methods:The human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in vitro.RT-PCR method was used to detect the expression levels of Smad4 mRNA in MCF-7 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells.The Smad4-shRNA plasmid and Scramble-shRNA plasmid were respectively stably transfected into the MCF-7 cells with high expression of Smad4.The experiment was divided into non-transfected MCF-7 cells (normal control) group,Smad4 gene silencing group,Scramble(negative control) group.The proliferation abilities of the cells in various groups were detected by CCK-8 method.The apoptotic rates of the cells in various groups were detected by flow cytometry.Real-time PCR method wasused to detect the mRNA expression levels of the proliferation-related genes CDKN1A,CDK1 and CDK2 and the apoptosisrelated genes Suvivin,bcl-2,caspase 3 and caspase 9.Results:The proliferation abilities of cells had no statistical significance between various groups (P＞0.05).The mRNA expression levels of CDKN1A,CDK1 and CDK2 in the cells had no statistical significance between various groups (P＞0.05).Compared with normal control group and negative control group,the apoptotic rate of the cells in Smad4 gene silencing group was significantly decreased (P＜0.01),the expression levels of Suvivin and bcl-2 mRNA in Smad4 gene silencing group were significantly increased (P＜0.01),and the mRNA expression levels of caspase 3 and caspase 9 in Smad4 gene silencing group were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Smad4 could induce the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells by downregulating the expressions of Suvivin and bcl-2 and up-regulating the expressions of caspase 3 and caspase 9.
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Objectives To explore the route of ESBL producing bacteria in neonatal faeces, and to investigate the gene and drug resistance of ESBL producing bacteria in intestinal tract of neonates. Methods Fecal samples of healthy newborns and their mothers were collected, and bacterial cultures were carried out using selective ESBL medium. The positive strains were identified by Time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ESBL genotyping and resistance gene detection were performed by whole genome sequencing technique. Results In 146 neonatal fecal specimens, the positive rate of ESBL producing bacteria was 8.90％,and the positive rate in the first time stool was 3.23％. Seventy-two hours after birth, the positive rate of fecal ESBL producing bacteria was 13.10％. Among the 13 ESBL producing strains, there were 9 strains of CTX type, 3 strains of TEM type and 1 strain of SHV type. Nine strains of CTX include five types such as CTX-M-24, CTX-M-18, CTX-M-27, CTX-M-42 and CTX-M-15. The positive rate of ESBL producing bacteria was 21.6％ in 167 mothers' fecal specimens. The ESBL genotype included 24 strains of CTX type, 6 strains of TEM type, 4 strains of SHV type and 2 strains of QnrS type. Twenty-four strains of CTX include CTX-M-24, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-18, CTX-M-27, CTX-M-42 and CTX-M-15. There were 2 or 3 ESBL genotypes in 12 maternal and neonatal specimens. It was detected to have 6 types of resistance gene such as aadA5, strA, strB, sul1, sul2 and dfrA17 in 49 strains of ESBL producing bacteria in maternal and neonatal strains. Resistance genes were exactly the same in the neonates as in mothers who were detected to have ESBL producing bacteria. A variety of resistance genes were detected in feces in 7 neonates and 23 mothers. Conclusions The neonates in hospital may be detected to have ESBL produing bacteria in the intestinal tract at the same time as their mothers or separately. However, there are many ways for neonates to have ESBL producing bacteria in intestinal tract. There are many genotypes and resistance genes of ESBL producing bacteria.
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Objective:To explore the influence of fermented red ginseng extract (FRGE) in the proliferation of rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) and the degradation of extracellular matrix(ECM)under high sugar stimulation, and to clarify the prevention and treatment effects of FRGE on diabetic nephropathy (DN) and the possible mechanism.Methods:The rat GMCs were cultured and divided into normal concentration of D-glucose (NG) group, high concentration of D-glucose (HG) group and high concentration of D-glucose plus different concentrations (3.75, 7.50, 15.00 mg·L-1) of FRGE groups. The proliferation rates of rat GMCs were detected with MTT,and the type Ⅳcollagen(Col Ⅳ) levels in supernatants of the GMCs were detected by ELISA. The protein expressions levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) were detected with Western blotting m ethod.Results:Compared with NG group, the proliferation rate of GMCs in HG group was increased(P<0.01), the Col Ⅳ level was increased(P<0.01),the MMP-2 expression level was decreased, and the TIMP-2 expression level was up-regulated(P<0.01).Compared with HG group, the proliferation rates of GMCs in various FRGE groups were decreased(P<0.01), the Col Ⅳ levels were decreased(P<0.01),the expression levels of TIMP-2 were reduced(P<0.01),and the expression levels of MMP-2 were increased(P<0.01).Conclusion:FRGE can inhibit the proliferation of rat GMCs induced by high sugar and promote the ECM degradation to delay the occurrence and development of DN.
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Objective:To study the effects of down-regulated Smad4 expression on the proliferation and apoptosis of breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells,and to explore their mechanisms.Methods:The human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured in vitro.RT-PCR method was used to detect the expression levels of Smad4 mRNA in MCF-7 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells.The Smad4-shRNA plasmid and Scramble-shRNA plasmid were respectively stably transfected into the MCF-7 cells with high expression of Smad4.The experiment was divided into non-transfected MCF-7 cells (normal control) group,Smad4 gene silencing group,Scramble(negative control) group.The proliferation abilities of the cells in various groups were detected by CCK-8 method.The apoptotic rates of the cells in various groups were detected by flow cytometry.Real-time PCR method wasused to detect the mRNA expression levels of the proliferation-related genes CDKN1A,CDK1 and CDK2 and the apoptosisrelated genes Suvivin,bcl-2,caspase 3 and caspase 9.Results:The proliferation abilities of cells had no statistical significance between various groups (P＞0.05).The mRNA expression levels of CDKN1A,CDK1 and CDK2 in the cells had no statistical significance between various groups (P＞0.05).Compared with normal control group and negative control group,the apoptotic rate of the cells in Smad4 gene silencing group was significantly decreased (P＜0.01),the expression levels of Suvivin and bcl-2 mRNA in Smad4 gene silencing group were significantly increased (P＜0.01),and the mRNA expression levels of caspase 3 and caspase 9 in Smad4 gene silencing group were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Smad4 could induce the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells by downregulating the expressions of Suvivin and bcl-2 and up-regulating the expressions of caspase 3 and caspase 9.
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Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture therapy for the rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with renal hypertension and try to explore its mechanism. Methods We randomly select 10 Wistar rats as the blank group and 40 rats were used to make the model groups, which were divided into simple diabetes group, simple renal hypertension group, the compound group with electroacupuncture and the compound group without elec?troacupuncture, with 10 rats in each group. After a high fat and sugar diet for 4 weeks, the Wistar rats were given strepto?zotocin i. p. injection to establish models of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Renal hypertension was developed by the“2K1C” im?proved method to make unilateral renal artery ligation?induced renal artery stenosis. Then, electroacupuncture treatment was performed on the rats for 2 weeks except the compound group without electroacupuncture. The changes of values of BP, FBG, Cr, BUN, glycated hemoglobin, renin and Ang II were recorded and analyzed. Results The values of BP, FBG, Cr, BUN, glycated hemoglobin, renin and Ang II in the compound group with electroacupuncture showed a significant re?duction compared with the compound group without electroacupuncture after 2 weeks (P0?05). Conclusions The blood glucose and blood pressure in the rat model of compound group can be reduced to a normal level with continuous electroacupuncture at bilateral acupoints Zusanli, and it can also be kept at a stable level after single electroacupuncture for 2-3 days. The acupuncture therapy is more suitable for early clinical treatment and can be used in basic research with advantages of economic, safe, no side effect and so on.
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Objective: To explore the inhibitory effect of gallotannin (GLTN) on the proliferation of rat glomerular mesangial cells (GMC)induced by high sugar stimulation and the influence in the cell cycle of the rats, and to clarify the prevention effect of GLTN in the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods:The experimental cells were divided into normal control group (D-glucose 5.5 mmol·L-1 ,NC group), high glucose group (D-glucose 30 mmol· L-1 ,HC group),high glucose + 5 mmol· L-1 3 - AB group (AB group),high glucose + 20 μmol·L-1 GLTN group (G20 group),high glucose + 40 μmol· L-1 GLTN group (G40 group).The proliferation of GMC in different groups at different time points (4,8,24,48 and 72 h)was observed by MTT assay.The changes of cell cycle of GCM under different culture conditions were examined by flow cytometry,and the expression levels of TGF-β1 and CTGF were detected by Western blotting method. Results:Compared with NC group,the proliferation levels of GMC in HC group were increased (P <0.01),and reached the peak at 48 h ;the percentage of S phase cells was increased (P <0.01).Compared with HC group,the proliferation levels of GMC in 3-AB group and GLTN group were significantly decreased (P < 0.01 ),and the percentages of S phase cells were decreased (P <0.01).Compared with NC group,the protein expression levels of TGF-β1 and CTGF in each drug group were increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01),but they were significantly lower than those in HC group (P < 0.01).Conclusion:GLTN can inhibit the proliferation of GMC under high sugar stimulation through arresting the cell cycle and down-regulating the expressions of TGF-β1 and CTGF and delay the occurrence and development of DN.
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Objective To compare the glycemic control of different management approaches in type 1 diabetic mellitus (T1 DM) children,and to evaluate the influence factors associated with glycemic control.Methods This survey included 68 T1DM children from January 2012 to December 2014 in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University of more than 1 year management.Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were detected to assess glycemic control.Twenty-three T1DM children who participated in the World Diabetes Foundation(WDF) management program (group A) were compared with 45 T1DM children who were managed by themselves (group B).The clinical data were analyzed to explore the correlations with glycemic control.Results The HbA1c of 68 children was (8.86 ± 2.00)％,and only 21 cases (30.9％) had optimal HbAlc (HbAlc ＜ 7.5％).The level of HbA1 c of group A (7.60 ± 1.57)％ was significantly lower than that of group B[(9.40 ± 1.91) ％] (t =-4.045,P =0.001).Group A had less fluctuation in blood glucose than group B,which the duration more than 3 years.Duration (F =2.277,P =0.004),frequency of self-monitoring blood glucose (F =9.375,P =0.001),diabetic education (F =3.276,P =0.002),and diabetic diet (t =-2.046,P =0.025) were associated with glycemic control.Conclusions The glycemic control of T1 DM children at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University was at the medium level,most of them haven't reached the target levels.The WDF management program could significantly and continuously monitor the glycemic level.Diabetic education and more frequent self-monitoring blood glucose and diabetic diet are associated with better glycemic control.
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Objective:To investigate the expressions of Smad2 and Smad4 in breast carcinoma tissue,and to analyze their relationships with oncogenesis and development of breast carcinoma and significances.Methods:Fifty-three samples of breast ductal carcinoma tissue and 50 samples of surrounding normal tissue were selected.The expression levels of Smad2 and Smad4 in cancer tissue and surrounding normal tissue were detected with immunohistochemical S-P method,and the relationships between the expression levels of Smad2 and Smad4 and the clinicopathologic parameters of breast carcinoma were evaluated.Results:The expression level of Smad2 protein in the breast carcinoma tissue was significantly higher than that in the surrounding normal tissue (z = - 2.08,P 0.05;r=-0.077,P >0.05),tumor size (r= 0.128,P >0.05;r=0.133,P >0.05),lymph node invasion (r =0.163,P >0.05;r =0.006 P >0.05),distant metastasis (r =0.113,P >0.05;r = 0.126,P > 0.05),ER expression (r = 0.056,P > 0.05;r = 0.047,P > 0.05) and PR expression (r=0.129,P >0.05;r=0.107,P >0.05).However,the expression levels of Smad2 and Smad4 were negatively correlated with the expression of HER2 (r = - 0.388,P < 0.01;r = - 0.360,P < 0.01 ) and pathological grade (r = - 0.331,P < 0.05;r = - 0.388,P < 0.01 ).The expression of Smad2 was positively correlated to the expression of Smad4 in breast carcinoma (r=-0.83,P <0.01).Conclusion:The expressions of Smad2 and Smad4 may play an important role in the development of breast carcinoma,and they may be used as the potential biological markers for evaluating the degree of malignancy and prognosis of breast carcinoma.
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Objective To verify enzyme activity inhibition of a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor ( HDACi ) JZ005 using an HDACi chemiluminescence detection kit and a cell-based screening model .Methods The plasmid with p21 gene promoter elements and luciferase reporter gene was transfected into human embryonic kidney cells 293 , and the stable transfectants were established by G418 screening.Enzyme activity inhibition of JZ005 on histone deacetylases (HDACs) was verified by the HDACi chemiluminescence detection kit and the cell-based screening model .A well-known HDACi , tri-chostatin A ( TSA) was used as the positive control .MTT assay was used to detect the protection of rat H 9c2 myocardial cells suffering from CoCl 2-induced hypoxia and treated with different concentrations of JZ 005 .The expression of acetylated histone H3 protein of normal and CoCl 2-induced hypoxia H9c2 cells before and after JZ005 treatment was assayed by West-ern blotting while the effect of drug administration on apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry ( FCM) .Results An HDA-Ci cell-based screening system targeting the p21 gene promoter was ranging established .The JZ005, a HDACi, markedly suppressed the activity of HDACs by more than 50%with the concentration ranging from 50 to 400 μmol/L.JZ005 signifi-cantly protected H9c2 cells from hypoxia injury .Cell viability was increased by 38.33%,56.00% and 35.20% compared with control,accompanied by an enhanced acetylation level of histone H 3.JZ005(25,50 and 100 μmol/L) treatment sig-nificantly decreased the number of apoptotic cells (6.63%,10.56% and 8.89%) compared to control group (12.89%). Conclusion An HDACi cell-based screening system is successfully established .JZ005 effectively protects myocardial cells against hypoxia injury while enhancing the acetylation level of histone H 3.Our results indicate that JZ005 might be developed as a potential drug for hypoxia treatment .